Compare Finland (2004) - Western Sahara (2002)

Compare Finland (2004) z Western Sahara (2002)

	Finland (2004)	Western Sahara (2002)

Administrative divisions	6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani	none (under de facto control of Morocco)
Age structure	0-14 years: 17.5% (male 466,036; female 448,339) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,760,472; female 1,719,917) 65 years and over: 15.7% (male 323,082; female 496,666) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish	fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads)
Airports	148 (2003 est.)	11 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 75 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 69 (2004 est.)	total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 338,145 sq km land: 304,473 sq km water: 33,672 sq km	total: 266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Montana	about the size of Colorado
Background	Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.	Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed.
Birth rate	10.56 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $87.03 billion expenditures: $81.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	Helsinki	none
Climate	cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes	hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
Coastline	1,250 km	1,110 km
Constitution	1 March 2000	-
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen Tasavalta local short form: Suomi	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara
Currency	euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries	Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Death rate	9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$30 billion (December 1993)	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Earle I. MACK embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, FIN-00140, Helsinki mailing address: APO AE 09723 telephone: [358] (9) 616250 FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800	none
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Jukka Robert VALTASAARI chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York	none
Disputes - international	none	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties reject other proposals
Economic aid - donor	ODA, $379 million (2001)	-
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important, with exports equaling one-third of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Rapidly increasing integration with Western Europe - Finland was one of the 12 countries joining the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) - will dominate the economic picture over the next several years. Growth in 2003 was held back by the global slowdown but will pick up in 2004 provided the world economy suffers no further blows.	Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level.
Electricity - consumption	76.18 billion kWh (2001)	83.7 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	1.81 billion kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	11.77 billion kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	71.2 billion kWh (2001)	90 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Halti 1,328 m	lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m
Environment - current issues	air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations	sparse water and lack of arable land
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Sami 0.1%	Arab, Berber
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (January 2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003) and Deputy Prime Minister Antti KALLIOMAKI (since 17 April 2003); note - former Prime Minister Anneli JAATTEENMAKI resigned cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 16 January 2000 and 6 February 2000 (next to be held February 2006); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after Parliamentary elections and the Parliament must approve the appointment election results: Tarja HALONEN elected president; percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 51.6%, Esko AHO (Kesk) 48.4% note: government coalition - KESK, SDP, and SFP	none
Exports	101,000 bbl/day (2001)	$NA
Exports - commodities	machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)	phosphates 62%
Exports - partners	Germany 11.8%, Sweden 9.9%, US 8.2%, UK 8%, Russia 7.5%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)	-
GDP	purchasing power parity - $142.2 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4.3% industry: 32.7% services: 62.9% (2003 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 40%-45% (1996 est.) (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $27,400 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	1.9% (2003 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	64 00 N, 26 00 E	24 30 N, 13 00 W
Geography - note	long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain	the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas
Highways	total: 78,137 km paved: 50,398 km (including 750 km of expressways) unpaved: 27,739 km (2003)	total: 6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 4.2% highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	318,300 bbl/day (2001)	$NA
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains (1999)	fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 11.7%, Netherlands 6.3%, Denmark 5.7%, UK 5.3%, France 4.3% (2003)	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
Independence	6 December 1917 (from Russia)	-
Industrial production growth rate	0.8% (2003 est.)	NA%
Industries	metal products, electronics, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing	phosphate mining, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate	total: 3.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0.9% (2003 est.)	NA%
International organization participation	AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	640 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)	-
Labor force	2.599 million (2003 est.)	12,000
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture and forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, transport and communications 8%, public services 32%	animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%
Land boundaries	total: 2,690 km border countries: Norway 736 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km	total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
Land use	arable land: 7.19% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.78% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities	Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Legal system	civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	-
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - Kesk 24.7%, SDP 24.5%, Kok 18.5%, VAS 9.9%, VIHR 8%, KD 5.3%, SFP 4.6%; seats by party - Kesk 55, SDP 53, Kok 40, VAS 19, VIHR 14, KD 7, SFP 8, others 4	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.24 years male: 74.73 years female: 81.89 years (2004 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% (2000 est.) male: NA female: NA	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia	Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Map references	Europe	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden	contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
Merchant marine	total: 90 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,152,175 GRT/1,053,906 DWT by type: bulk 9, cargo 26, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 9, roll on/roll off 28, short-sea/passenger 10 foreign-owned: Estonia 1 registered in other countries: 39 (2004 est.)	-
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$1.8 billion (FY98/99)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2% (FY98/99)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,226,890 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,013,961 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 32,058 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 6 December (1917)	-
Nationality	noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish	noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Natural hazards	NA	hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
Natural resources	timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone	phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate	0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Pipelines	gas 694 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Osmo SOININVAARA]; Left Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	none
Population	5,214,512 (July 2004 est.)	256,177 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	0.18% (2004 est.)	NA (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus	Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)	AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	56,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 5,851 km broad gauge: 5,851 km 1.524-m gauge (2,400 km electrified) (2003)	0 km
Religions	Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Russian Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%	Muslim
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system with excellent service domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs international: country code - 358; 1 submarine cable (Finland Estonia Connection); satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)	general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
Telephones - main lines in use	2.548 million (2003)	about 2,000 (1999 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular	4.7 million (2003)	0 (1999)
Television broadcast stations	120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)	NA
Terrain	mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills	mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
Total fertility rate	1.73 children born/woman (2004 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	9% (2003 est.)	NA%
Waterways	7,842 km note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2004)	none

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